Introduction

In this article, I’m going to show you how to run integration tests on PostgreSQL, MySQL, MariaDB 20 times faster using Docker and mapping the data folder on tmpfs.

As previously explained, you can run database integration tests 20 times faster! The trick is to map the data directory in memory, and my previous article showed you what changes you need to do when you have a PostgreSQL or MySQL instance on your machine.

In this post, I’m going to expand the original idea, and show you how you can achieve the same goal using Docker and tmpfs.

Wow. I speed up tests from 100s to 10s by mounting #MariaDB to #tmpfs using #Docker. Neat! Thanks to https://t.co/ipjN48OQ0H

— Jan Blasko (@lucien144) March 30, 2017

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MariaDB

Getting the Docker image

First of all, you need a Docker image for the database you want to run your integration tests on.

To see what Docker images you have on your machine, you need to run the docker images command:

> docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
oracle/database     12.1.0.2-se2        b5f12a4d9ae0        9 days ago          11.1 GB
bash                latest              c2a000c8aa3c        11 days ago         12.8 MB
oraclelinux         latest              5a42e075a32b        3 weeks ago         225 MB
d4w/nsenter         latest              9e4f13a0901e        4 months ago        83.8 kB

Now, let’s get the latest MariaDB Docker image:

> docker pull mariadb
Status: Downloaded newer image for mariadb:latest

If we rerun docker images, we’ll see the MariaDB Docker image listed as well:

> docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
oracle/database     12.1.0.2-se2        b5f12a4d9ae0        9 days ago          11.1 GB
bash                latest              c2a000c8aa3c        11 days ago         12.8 MB
mariadb             latest              7eca0e0b51c9        2 weeks ago         393 MB
oraclelinux         latest              5a42e075a32b        3 weeks ago         225 MB
d4w/nsenter         latest              9e4f13a0901e        4 months ago        83.8 kB

Running the database in a Docker container

To create a new Docker container, we need to use the docker run command:

docker run \
--name mariadb \
-p 3306:3306 \
--tmpfs /var/lib/mysql:rw \
-e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=admin \
-e MYSQL_USER=hibernate_orm_test \
-e MYSQL_PASSWORD=hibernate_orm_test \
-e MYSQL_DATABASE=hibernate_orm_test  \
-d mariadb

On Windows, you’ll have to use the ^ multi-line separator instead:

docker run ^
--name mariadb ^
-p 3306:3306 ^
--tmpfs /var/lib/mysql:rw ^
-e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=admin ^
-e MYSQL_USER=hibernate_orm_test ^
-e MYSQL_PASSWORD=hibernate_orm_test ^
-e MYSQL_DATABASE=hibernate_orm_test ^
-d mariadb

The arguments can be explained as follows:

• --name is used to specify the name of the newly created container. We can then reference the container by this name when we want to stop or start it
• -p 3306:3306 is used to map the Docker container port to the host machine port so we can access the MariaDB database using the 3306 port from within the host machine
• --tmpfs /var/lib/mysql:rw is the coolest argument since it allows us to map the MariaDB /var/lib/mysql data directory in-memory using tmpfs
• -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=admin defines the root account password for MariaDB
• -e MYSQL_USER=hibernate_orm_test creates a new user which we’ll use for testing
• -e MYSQL_PASSWORD=hibernate_orm_test creates a new password for our testing user
• -e MYSQL_DATABASE=hibernate_orm_test creates a new MariaDB database

After running the aforementioned docker run command, if we list the current Docker containers using docker ps -a, we can see our newly created mariadb Docker container that’s also up and running:

> docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE                          COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS                    PORTS                    NAMES
2c5f5131566b        mariadb                        "docker-entrypoint..."   12 minutes ago      Up 12 minutes             0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp   mariadb
dc280bbfb186        oracle/database:12.1.0.2-se2   "/bin/sh -c $ORACL..."   9 days ago          Exited (137) 7 days ago                            oracle

Using the container name (e.g. mariadb), we can also attach a bash process so that we can inspect the MariaDB Docker container:

> docker exec -i -t mariadb /bin/bash

root@2c5f5131566b:/<h2>df -h</h2>
Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
overlay          59G   23G   34G  41% /
tmpfs           2.2G     0  2.2G   0% /dev
tmpfs           2.2G     0  2.2G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1        59G   23G   34G  41% /etc/hosts
shm              64M     0   64M   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs           2.2G  115M  2.1G   6% /var/lib/mysql
tmpfs           2.2G     0  2.2G   0% /sys/firmware

As you can see from the df -h output, the var/lib/mysql data directory is mapped on tmpfs. Woohoo!

One more thing to do, let’s grant some admin privileges to our test user. We can do it right from the Docker container bash terminal using the mysql -u root -padmin hibernate_orm_test command:

root@2c5f5131566b:/<h2>mysql -u root -padmin hibernate_orm_test</h2>
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 6
Server version: 10.1.21-MariaDB-1~jessie mariadb.org binary distribution

Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

MariaDB [hibernate_orm_test]&gt;GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'hibernateormtest' WITH GRANT OPTION;

Done!

PostgreSQL

Getting the Docker image

Now, let’s do the same for a specific version of PostgreSQL (e.g. 9.5.6)

> docker pull postgres:9.5.6
9.5.6: Pulling from library/postgres
Status: Downloaded newer image for postgres:9.5.6

If we rerun docker images, we’ll see the PostgreSQL Docker image listed as well:

> docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
postgres            9.5.6               bd44e8a44ab2        2 weeks ago         265 MB
oracle/database     12.1.0.2-se2        b5f12a4d9ae0        9 days ago          11.1 GB
bash                latest              c2a000c8aa3c        11 days ago         12.8 MB
mariadb             latest              7eca0e0b51c9        2 weeks ago         393 MB
oraclelinux         latest              5a42e075a32b        3 weeks ago         225 MB
d4w/nsenter         latest              9e4f13a0901e        4 months ago        83.8 kB

Running the database in a Docker container

For PostgreSQL, the command is extremely similar:

docker run ^
    --name postgres95 ^
    -p 5432:5432 ^
    --tmpfs /var/lib/postgresql/data:rw ^
    -e POSTGRES_PASSWORD=admin ^
    -d ^
    postgres:9.5.6

The data folder is located under /var/lib/postgresql/data in PostgreSQL, and the other parameters have the same meaning like it was the case with MariaDB.

Running integration tests on MariaDB using Docker and tmpfs

Running all tests (around 400 database integration tests) in the Hibernate documentation folder on MariaDB takes around 30 seconds:

> gradle test -Pdb=mariadb
:documentation:compileTestJava
:documentation:processTestResources
:documentation:testClasses
:documentation:test

BUILD SUCCESSFUL

Total time: 30.339 secs

Running integration tests on PostgreSQL using Docker and tmpfs

On PostgreSQL, they take less than 30 seconds:

> gradle test -Pdb=pgsql
:documentation:compileTestJava
:documentation:processTestResources
:documentation:testClasses
:documentation:test

BUILD SUCCESSFUL

Total time: 28.732 secs

Container lifecycle

When you’re doing using the database container, you can stop it as follows:

> docker stop mariadb

or, for PostgreSQL:

> docker stop postgres95

The container is persisted, so you don’t need to rerun all these steps the next time you need it. All you need to do is to start it like this:

> docker start mariadb

or, for PostgreSQL:

> docker start postgres95

Online Workshops

If you enjoyed this article, I bet you are going to love my upcoming Online Workshops!

• Caching Best Practices with JPA and Hibernate (2.5 hours) on the 30th of September
• High-Performance SQL (4 hours) on the 6th of October in collaboration with Voxxed Days Ticino
• High-Performance SQL (12 hours) starting on the 28th of October in collaboration with Bouvet

Conclusion

Mapping a RDBMS data directory on tmpfs is even simpler with Docker, and this is especially relevant for MySQL and MariaDB since the DDL operations take significantly more time than on other database systems (e.g. Oracle or SQL Server).

However, even for PostgreSQL, you’ll find a significant improvement for running tests when the data folder is mapped in a RAM drive.

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