A beginner’s guide to JPA and Hibernate Cascade Types
Introduction In this article, we are going to learn how the JPA and Hibernate Cascade Types work. JPA translates entity state transitions to database DML statements. Because it’s common to operate on entity graphs, JPA allows us to propagate entity state changes from Parents to Child entities. This behavior is configured through the CascadeType mappings.
How do LockModeType.PESSIMISTIC_READ and LockModeType.PESSIMISTIC_WRITE work in JPA and Hibernate
Introduction Java Persistence API comes with a thorough concurrency control mechanism, supporting both implicit and explicit locking. The implicit locking mechanism is straightforward and it relies on: Optimistic locking: Entity state changes can trigger a version incrementation Row-level locking: Based on the current running transaction isolation level, the INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE statements may acquire exclusive row locks While implicit locking is suitable for many scenarios, an explicit locking mechanism can leverage a finer-grained concurrency control. In my previous posts, I covered the explicit optimistic lock modes: OPTIMISTIC OPTIMISTIC_FORCE_INCREMENT PESSIMISTIC_FORCE_INCREMENT In this post, I am… Read More
How does LockModeType.PESSIMISTIC_FORCE_INCREMENT work in JPA and Hibernate
Introduction In my previous post, I introduced the OPTIMISTIC_FORCE_INCREMENT Lock Mode and we applied it for propagating a child entity version change to a locked parent entity. In this post, I am going to reveal the PESSIMISTIC_FORCE_INCREMENT Lock Mode and compare it with its optimistic counterpart.
The best way to use OPTIMISTIC_FORCE_INCREMENT with JPA and Hibernate
Introduction In this article we are going to see what is the best way to use the OPTIMISTIC_FORCE_INCREMENT LockModeType with JPA and Hibernate. With LockModeType.OPTIMISTIC, the locked entity version is checked towards the end of the current running transaction, to make sure we don’t use a stale entity state. Because of the application-level validation nature, this strategy is susceptible to race-conditions, therefore requiring an additional pessimistic lock . The LockModeType.OPTIMISTIC_FORCE_INCREMENT not only it checks the expected locked entity version, but it also increments it. Both the check and the update happen in… Read More
How to fix optimistic locking race conditions with pessimistic locking
Recap In my previous post, I explained the benefits of using explicit optimistic locking. As we then discovered, there’s a very short time window in which a concurrent transaction can still commit a Product price change right before our current transaction gets committed. This issue can be depicted as follows: Alice fetches a Product She then decides to order it The Product optimistic lock is acquired The Order is inserted in the current transaction database session The Product version is checked by the Hibernate explicit optimistic locking routine The price engine manages… Read More
How does LockModeType.OPTIMISTIC work in JPA and Hibernate
Explicit optimistic locking In my previous post, I introduced the basic concepts of Java Persistence locking. The implicit locking mechanism prevents lost updates and it’s suitable for entities that we can actively modify. While implicit optimistic locking is a widespread technique, few happen to understand the inner workings of explicit optimistic lock mode. Explicit optimistic locking may prevent data integrity anomalies when the locked entities are always modified by some external mechanism.
A beginner’s guide to Java Persistence locking
Implicit locking In concurrency theory, locking is used for protecting mutable shared data against hazardous data integrity anomalies. Because lock management is a very complex problem, most applications rely on their data provider implicit locking techniques. Delegating the whole locking responsibility to the database system can both simplify application development and prevent concurrency issues, such as deadlocking. Deadlocks can still occur, but the database can detect and take safety measures (arbitrarily releasing one of the two competing locks).
A beginner’s guide to transaction isolation levels in enterprise Java
Introduction A relational database strong consistency model is based on ACID transaction properties. In this post we are going to unravel the reasons behind using different transaction isolation levels and various configuration patterns for both resource local and JTA transactions. Isolation and consistency In a relational database system, atomicity and durability are strict properties, while consistency and isolation are more or less configurable. We cannot even separate consistency from isolation as these two properties are always related. The lower the isolation level, the less consistent the system will get. From the least… Read More
JPA and Hibernate FetchType EAGER is a code smell
Introduction Hibernate fetching strategies can really make a difference between an application that barely crawls and a highly responsive one. In this post, I’ll explain why you should prefer query-based fetching instead of global fetch plans. Fetching 101 Hibernate defines four association retrieving strategies: Fetching Strategy Description Join The association is OUTER JOINED in the original SELECT statement Select An additional SELECT statement is used to retrieve the associated entity(entities) Subselect An additional SELECT statement is used to retrieve the whole associated collection. This mode is meant for to-many associations Batch An… Read More
How to prevent OptimisticLockException with Hibernate versionless optimistic locking
Introduction In my previous post I demonstrated how you can scale optimistic locking through write-concerns splitting. Version-less optimistic locking is one lesser-known Hibernate feature. In this post, I’ll explain both the good and the bad parts of this approach. Version-less optimistic locking Optimistic locking is commonly associated with a logical or physical clocking sequence, for both performance and consistency reasons. The clocking sequence points to an absolute entity state version for all entity state transitions. To support legacy database schema optimistic locking, Hibernate added a version-less concurrency control mechanism. To enable this… Read More
